What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines. It has become an essential part of the technology industry.
Research associated with artificial intelligence is highly technical and specialized. The core problems of artificial intelligence include programming computers for certain traits such as:

Knowledge
Reasoning
Problem solving
Perception
Learning
Planning
Ability to manipulate and move objects

Knowledge engineering is a core part of AI research. Machines can often act and react like humans only if they have abundant information relating to the world. Artificial intelligence must have access to objects, categories, properties and relations between all of them to implement knowledge engineering. Initiating common sense, reasoning and problem-solving power in machines is a difficult and tedious approach.

Machine learning is another core part of AI. Learning without any kind of supervision requires an ability to identify patterns in streams of inputs, whereas learning with adequate supervision involves classification and numerical regressions. Classification determines the category an object belongs to and regression deals with obtaining a set of numerical input or output examples, thereby discovering functions enabling the generation of suitable outputs from respective inputs. Mathematical analysis of machine learning algorithms and their performance is a well-defined branch of theoretical computer science often referred to as computational learning theory.
Machine perception deals with the capability to use sensory inputs to deduce the different aspects of the world, while computer vision is the power to analyze visual inputs with a few sub-problems such as facial, object and gesture recognition.
Robotics is also a major field related to AI. Robots require intelligence to handle tasks such as object manipulation and navigation, along with sub-problems of localization, motion planning and mapping.

SQL SERVER 2016

Microsoft has officially announced the release of SQL Server 2016 as June 1, 2016

SQL 2016 has a number of major enhancements which will help whether or not you are implementing on-prem, in Azure or in a hybrid model. 

Top 7 Features Coming to SQL Server 2016

Query Store
One common problem many organizations face when upgrading versions of SQL Server is changes in the query optimizer (which happen from version to version) negatively impacting performance. Without comprehensive testing, this has traditionally been a hard problem to identify and then resolve. The Query Store feature maintains a history of query execution plans with their performance data, and quickly identifies queries that have gotten slower recently, allowing administrators or developers to force the use of an older, better plan if needed. The Query Store is configured at the individual database level.

 Polybase

Microsoft had introduced Polybase, a SQL Server connector to Hadoop (and Azure Blob Storage) to its data warehouse appliance Analytics Platform System in 2015. But now Microsoft has incorporated that functionality into the regular on-premises product. This feature will benefit you if your regular data processing involves dealing with a lot of large text files.they can be stored in Azure Blob Storage or Hadoop, and queried as if they were database tables. A common scenario where you might use this would be an extract, transform and load (ETL) process, where you were taking a subset of the text file to load into your database.

Stretch Database
 If you are buying enterprise-class SAN storage or enterprise SSDs, you will know that storage is still very expensive. Microsoft is trying to help reduce your storage (and processing costs) with a hybrid feature called "Stretch Database." The basics of Stretch Database are that some part of your tables (configurable or automated) will be moved into an Azure SQL Database in the cloud in a secure fashion. When you query those tables, the query optimizer knows which rows are on your server and which rows are in Azure, and divides the workload accordingly. The query processing on the Azure rows takes place in Azure so the only latency is for the return of the rows over the network. As an additional enhancement, you are only charged for the SQL Database in Azure when it is used for queries. You do, however, pay for the Azure Blob storage, which, generally speaking, is much cheaper than enterprise storage. 

JSON support

In addition to supporting direct querying to Hadoop, SQL Server 2016 adds support for the lingua franca of Web applications: Java Script Object Notation (JSON). Several other large databases have added this support in recent years as the trend towards Web APIs using JSON has increased. The way this is implemented in SQL 2016 is very similar to the way XML support is built in with FOR JSON and OPENJSON -- providing the ability to quickly move JSON data into tables.

Always Encrypted
we hear about some company having a major data breach. Encryption works, but many companies do not or cannot implement it all the way through the stack, leaving some layer data available for the taking as plain text. SQL Server has long supported both column-level encryption, encryption at rest, and encryption in transit. However these all had to be configured independently and were frequently misconfigured. Always Encrypted is new functionality through the use of an enhanced client library at the application so the data stays encrypted in transit, at rest and while it is alive in the database. Also given Microsoft's push towards the use of Azure, easy encryption makes for a much better security story.

In-Memory Enhancements
SQL Server 2014 introduced the concept of in-memory tables. These were optimally designed for high-speed loading of data with no locking issues or high-volume session state issues. While this feature sounded great on paper, there were a lot of limitations particularly around constraints and procedures. In SQL Server 2016, this feature is vastly improved, supporting foreign keys, check and unique constraints and parallelism. Additionally, tables up to 2TB are now supported (up from 256GB). Another part of in-memory is column store indexes, which are commonly used in data warehouse workloads. This feature was introduced in SQL 2012 and has been enhanced in each version since. In 2016 it receives some enhancements around sorting and better support with AlwaysOn Availability Groups.

Interview Question - How to Insert Multiple Rows in a Single SQL Query

There are so many different databases most of uses SQL language for their programming. we can easily use code from one database to another database. Unfortunately the reality is very different, not all the scripts from one database works in another database. Today we will see very interesting question where the user asked a question about inserting multiple rows in a single SQL query.

Answer: Writing a code to insert multiple rows in a single SQL query is not a difficult task, but it is indeed a challenge to create a script which will work with multiple database.

Example : create a sample table with two columns in it. Once the table is created insert three different rows in a single SQL query.

CREATE TABLE SampleTable (ID INT, Col1 VARCHAR(100));

INSERT INTO SampleTable (ID, Col1)

VALUES (1, 'One'), (2, 'Two'), (3, 'Three');

SELECT *

FROM SampleTable;

DROP TABLE SampleTable;

run this query in multiple database.







HTML Control Vs. ASP.Net Control

HTML Controls	ASP.Net Controls
HTML control runs at client side.	ASP.Net controls run at server side.
You can run HTML controls at server side by adding attribute runat=”server”.	You can not run ASP.Net Controls on client side as these controls have this attribute runat=”server” by default.
HTML controls are client side controls, so it does not provide STATE management.	ASP.Net Controls are Server side controls, provides STATE management.
HTML control does not require rendering	ASP.Net controls require rendering.
As HTML controls runs on client side, execution is fast.	As ASP.Net controls run on server side, execution is slow.
HTML controls do not have any separate class for its controls.	ASP.Net controls have separate class for its each control.
HTML controls does not support Object Oriented paradigm.	With ASP.Net controls, you have full support of Object oriented paradigm
HTML controls can not be accessed form code behind files.	ASP.Net controls can be directly worked and accessed from code behind files.
HTML control have limited set of properties and/or methods.	ASP.Net controls have rich set of properties and/or methods.
Enter Name : < input type="text"  ID="txtName" >	Enter Name :  <asp:TextBox Id="txtName" runat="server”>

Comparison of Oracle & SQL Server Management Tools

 What is the main tool to administer the database?
SQL Server -The main tool is SQL Server Management Studio.   
Oracle -For Oracle by default Oracle SQL Developer is usually installed.

What tool is used to create reports?
SQL Server -SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) is primarily used for reporting. These tools are usually combined with SharePoint, but it can also be stand-alone.
Oracle -You can also use Power View, PowerPivot, etc..

What tools are used for replication?
SQL Server -You can use SQL Server Management Studio and go to the replication node to implement SQL Server Replication. You can also use T-SQL scripts. Another option is Microsoft Sync Framework.   
Oracle -In Oracle 12c you can use the advanced Replication Interface in Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control. The replication management API is a set of PL-SQL packages. This is used to replicate data using the command line.


What tools are used to create programs to connect to the database?
SQL Server -You can program with several platforms, but Visual Studio is the main Microsoft development environment used to program in C#, C++, J#, F#, VB.net, etc.   
Oracle -You can use several Platforms, but the main Oracle tool is Java.

What platform is used to work in the cloud?
SQL Server- There are several tools to work in the Cloud, but the platform used by Microsoft is Microsoft Azure.
Oracle- There are several tools to work in the cloud, but the platform used by Oracle is the Oracle Cloud.

Does the database accept multidimensional databases (OLAP)?
SQL Server - SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) accepts multidimensional databases. You can use SSMS or the SQL Server Data Tools to create them. Also, you can do it programmatically using AMO (Analysis Services Management Objects) using your favorite programming language.
Oracle -You can use Essbase to create multidimensional databases.

Is there a way to do database mirroring?
SQL Server - You can use SSMS or T-SQL to use the Database Mirroring technology.
Oracle -You can use Storage Remote Mirroring and Active Data Guard.

Is there a way to do log shipping?
SQL Server -You can do Log Shipping using SSMS or T-SQL scripts.
Oracle -You can do log shipping, but it is recommended to use other High Availability solutions like Data Guard.

Google's abc.xyz

One giant winner in Google's rebranding announcement: Daniel Negari.
Negari is the founder and CEO of XYZ.com, an Internet domain registry that owns alternative suffixes like .rent and .college. His 10-person company also owns .xyz.
Abc.xyz is the web address for Google's new parent entity, Alphabet Inc.

Google announced on Monday a dramatic restructuring that breaks out the Web giant's core business into a separate company under a new umbrella called Alphabet. Other companies that will be part of Alphabet are the life sciences unit and Calico, which is focused on longevity.

Larry Page, co-founder and CEO of Google, will assume the CEO role of Alphabet, with Google co-founder Sergey Brin serving as president. Sundar Pichai, head of product and engineering, is now CEO of Google. Alphabet is replacing Google as the publicly-traded entity.
Currently, abc.xyz is just a landing page, with a letter from Page explaining the changes and some blocks with letters

"It's a big deal for new top-level domains as a whole," said Negari, who has operations in Santa Monica, California, and Las Vegas. "It's a big signal that Google, which is the largest search engine in the world, believes in it enough to switch to one."

New Features in ASP.NET 2015 | ASP.NET 5

Whenever you made any change in your project, you have to rebuild it to check its effects. But now in ASP.Net 2015,there is no need to rebuild it again, as it used Roslyn compiler for this.

    Earlier we need to do lot of configuration for publishing or deploying project in cloud, but now in ASP.NET 2015, you can easily migrate and deploy your project using cloud ready configuration. Tip for publishing project in cloud: first by converting your asp.net project to azure cloud project and then publish that converted azure project.

    In .Net 5, you can easily IIS host or self host, your asp.net 2015 project.

    Asp.net 2015 has open source in github, that means you can find code of asp.net 5 from github, and you can make repository of your project in github just live svn.

    ASP.NET uses 3 types of run time engine
        1. Full .Net CLR (Default)
        2. Core CLR (Include only those which is needed in your application for ex using system.console only)
        3. Cross Platform CLR (For running app on mac and linux os)

    In ASP.Net 2015 you can run new and old version code together. For this you have to use core CLR.

    No need to add assembly in references, you can directly add assembly name with version in project.json file. Intellisense will work for this.

    In ASP.Net 2015, you can easily use MVC, web api and web pages together without any conflicts of their features, as MVC 6 is introduced for this. So there is no need to write different code for all three technologies.

    ASP.NET 5 uses new http pipeline, which uses less overhead in pipeline and improves http performance.

    ASP.NET 5 can use dependency injection i.e. can replace module with another module without altering the client.

    ASP.NET 5 can run older version asp.net application without modification of any code except mvc6 and signal r 3, as they use new http pipeline.